The distal end of the femur forms two rounded condyles which articulate with the tibia below and the patella anteriorly the medial condyle and the lateral condyle. True bony avulsions of the mcl are extremely rare in the adult population, and a single article reports a mcl avulsion from both its proximal femoral and distal tibial attachments associated with subluxation of the medial meniscus. Unlike the supracondylar fracture, the anterior humeral line is often not displaced. Eightyfive per cent of the coronal plane fractures involved the lateral condyle and 9% incorporated both condyles. Anterior surface slopes downward from lateral to medial, lateral wall inclines 10 degrees. Because the knee is the largest weightbearing joint in the body, any defect can damage the protective articular cartilage and, over time, result in arthritis. This intraarticular fracture affects the lateral condyle more commonly than the medial condyle. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. All of the bodys weight is supported by the femurs during many activities, such as running, jumping, walking, and standing.
To code a diagnosis of this type, you must use specify a 7th character that describes the diagnosis nondisplaced fracture of medial condyle of right femur in more detail. Prominent lateral and medial condyles are found at the distal end of the femur. This is important to identify if the surgeon is measuring femoral rotation by posterior referencing, which typically add 3 to compensate for the difference in sizes between the medial and lateral femoral condyle. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the thighs flexors and extensors behind it, and proximal to the medial condyle is a rough impression which. Ubersetzungen fur medial condyle of the femur im englischdeutschworterbuch, mit echten sprachaufnahmen, illustrationen, beugungsformen.
Each knee has two femoral condyles, referred to as the medial femoral condyle on the inside of the knee and the lateral femoral condyle on the outside. Clinical and scintigraphic findings were suggestive of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. Femur, tibia and fibula bone templates to estimate subject. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera a ridge with two lips. Arthroscopic treatment of medial femoral condylar coronal. The main middle part is the body or shaft of the femur forms angel medially, thus the knee joints are closer to the midline of the body than the hip joints. Ipsilateral fractures of the femoral neck, shaft and distal. Therefore, it is imperative to purposely look for signs of fractures to the proximal and distal femur on radiographs, especially when injuries are associated with highenergy trauma. Asked in human anatomy and physiology what bones does the ulna articulate with.
The medial condyle is the longer and, when the femur is held with its body perpendicular, projects to a lower level. Gender and sidetoside differences of femoral condyles. The socalled hoffa fracture refers to an isolated, coronallyoriented fracture of either femoral condyle, with intraarticular extension. Hoffa fracture is a type of supracondylar distal femoral fracture and is characterized by an associated fracture component in the coronal plane. It connects the pelvis to the leg via the hip and knee joints. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or tendinous insertion.
Bitte immer nur genau eine deutschenglischubersetzung eintragen formatierung siehe guidelines, moglichst mit einem guten beleg im kommentarfeld. It is referred to as medial because in both cases it is found along the inside of the leg, toward the bodys midline. The medial condyle of the femur is an anatomical feature of the femur, often called the thigh bone. Medial epicondyle the medial epicondyle is located above the medial condyle hence the prefix epi, and it provides attachment of the adductor magnus and gastrocnemius muscles. The medial femoral condyle mfc and lateral femoral condyle lfc are different sizes and have a different radius of curvature. The lateral condyle is the more prominent and is the broader both in its anteroposterior and transverse diameters. In front they are united to form a smooth, flat surface for the patella. The attachment of the remainder of the fiber to the fascia and tendon of the. The lateral humeral condyle fracture is one of the commonest pediatric elbow injuries and a key diagnosis to pick up. Like most joint surfaces, the femoral condyles are covered in articular cartilage. The medial femoral condyle flap has been noted by shin to be an excellent source of vascularized bone for treatment of complex bone defects necessitating vascularized osseus reconstruction. Posteriorly, they project considerably and a deep notch, the intercondylar fossa of femur, is present between them. Oct 03, 2016 invivo estimates of the positions of knee ligament attachment sites are crucial for subjectspecific knee modelling.
The distal end of the femur has a saddle that rests on the top of the tibia. Medial femoral condyle the structure indicated is the medial condyle of the femur. The lateral and medial condyles are separated by the intercondylar notch. Similar to the articular surface of the patella, the trochlear surface is divided into medial and lateral facets, the lateral facet being larger and extending more proximally and anteriorly than its medial counterpart figure 222. Palpable as a rounded bump on the inside of the knee in the case of the medial femoral condyle and just below the inside of the knee in the. A study looked at the patients who had sustained a fracture of either femoral condyle over a sevenyear period. The medial condyle is a protrusion of bone that is a feature of both the femur bone in the thigh and the tibia bone in the lower leg. We will look at these individually to appreciate the complexity of knee kinematics. Femur bone anatomy landmarks and muscle attachments. Where the inner lip meets the condyle is a small tuberclethe adductor tubercle. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. At the upper end it articulates with the hip bone to create the hip joint, and at the lower end it articulates with the patella and tibia. The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the human body and makes up a quarter of the bodys height. The femur consists of a shaft body and superior or proximal and inferior or distal end 3.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. It acts to support a significant amount of the patients body. At the end of the medial supracondylar line is a tubercle called the adductor tubercle. It is the small, medially directed eminence of the medial condyle. Distal femur fractures that enter the the knee joint may heal with a defect in the normally smooth surface of the joint. The epicondyles provide attachment for muscles and supporting ligaments of the. The femur is the longest and strongest bone of the body, present in the thigh latin femur thigh.
Illustration about fovea, condyle, femur, epiphyses, extremity, fossa, anthropology, longbone, skeleton, gluteal, knee, bone, thigh. The regions affected were welldescribed by aichroth and in most other series the findings fit into the distribution he outlined fig. Pdf the anatomy of the medial part of the knee researchgate. At the knee joint there are two rounded prominences called condyles. Distally the linea aspera forms two ridges known as the lateral supracondylar line. Femoral shaft fractures are an emergency indication and should be promptly stabilized as delayed stabilization is associated with increased morbidity, particularly in the lungs and a longer hospital stay 9. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 225k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Femur the femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body.
The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur, the other being the lateral condyle. The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire human body. Although occasionally bicondylar, the hoffa fragments are more commonly unicondylar and usually originate from the lateral femoral condyle 3, 4. The medial condyle of the distal femur is most susceptible to getting bruised when the femur and tibia become compressed or jammed. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts. Troubleshooting the femoral attachment during medial. The femoral condyle is the rounded end of the lower thighbone, or femur. Oct 10, 2019 pediatric femoral fractures may involve the proximal femur, the femoral shaft, or the distal femur. Apr 16, 2020 the femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints. Both knees also have a protrusion on the other side of the knee called the lateral condyle. Coronal shear fractures of the distal femoral condyle hoffa fractures are rare injuries. Distal femur lecture orthopaedic trauma association. Projecting from each condyle is an epicondyle that act as attachment sites for the collateral ligaments. The anatomy is consistent, straight forward and provides a large block of corticocancellous bone well suited to reconstruction of defects in both the upper.
Palpable as a hard, rounded bump to the inside of either knee joint, they are one of two condyles at the bottom of each leg bone, the other being the lateral femoral condyle. The rotation results because the lateral condyle of the femur is slightly smaller than the medial condyle. If you are viewing the entire bone, you can differentiate the medial and lateral condyles by noting that the medial condyle is on the side with the head of the femur, and the lateral is on the. When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique position.
This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. He defined six areas of occurrence, with the most common being the lateral aspect of the medial condyle of the distal femoral epiphysis. The purpose of the present study was to conduct direct measurements in a large sample of dried femori in order to record certain morphometric parameters of the femoral condyles and determine whether there are gender and side differences. The femur is composed of three separate regions figure 612 74.
Retrograde intramedullary nailing for the treatment of. The resulting small medial rotation of the femur serves to lock the knee into its fully extended and most stable position. The medial femoral condyle can be palpated in the flexed knee, medial to the patellar ligament, from the. Distal femur thighbone fractures of the knee orthoinfo. The structure indicated is the medial condyle of the femur the distal end of the femur forms two rounded condyles which articulate with the tibia below and the patella anteriorly the medial condyle and the lateral condyle the linea aspera is a roughened crest of bone on the posterior aspect of the femur. The lower extremity of femur, larger than the upper, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its anteroposterior. The present study provides template digital models of femur, tibia and fibula that embed the positions of centroids of the origins and insertions of cruciate and collateral ligaments, along with information on their dispersion related to interindividual variability. Specific palpation of the thigh finding swelling, bruising, and crepitation abnormal crunchy feeling with motion can be highly suggestive of fracture of the femur.
Extreme forces also act upon the femur thanks to the strength of the muscles of the hip and thigh that act on the femur to. The lateral condyle of the femur is an anatomical feature of the femur, often called the thigh bone. On each condyle is a smaller epicondyle which serve as the point of attachment for the collateral ligaments the medial collateral mcl and the lateral collateral ligaments lcl. Jul 11, 2015 the thorough orthopedic examination is especially important for an animal that is unable or unwilling to get up and move on the other three legs. The distal end of the femur is where it connects with the patella knee cap and the bones of the lower leg, the tibia, and fibula. Articular cartilage covers most of its posterior and distal surfaces. Thus, the lateral condyle finishes its rolling motion first, followed by the medial condyle. Clinical anatomy lower limb bones, inguinal ligament, hip, knee and ankle joints. The femur or thigh bone is the biggest bone in the body. A positive test physical examination for the mcl is the valgus test. Choose from 500 different sets of femur flashcards on quizlet. The medial condyle of the femur is located in the lower end of the femur on the medial or inner side of the femur. Keywords femur medial condyle fracture nonunion retrograde intramedullary nail introduction unicondylar fractures of the femur are uncommon and accounts for 0. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, femur statpearls ncbi.
The entire lateral femoral condyle can be significantly hypoplastic posterior and distal femoral condyles. In addition, a fracture of the medial condyle is rarer with the lateral condyle involved three times as often as the medial condyle in reports of. Hoffa fracture of the femoral condyle pubmed central pmc. Progression of knee osteoarthritis oa is influenced by multiple factors, over a protracted time period. The anterior cartilage surface extends farther proximally than that of the medial condyle. Medial condyle of the femur definition of medial condyle. Total knee arthroplasty tka is the treatment of choice for knee oa, with accurate volume and plane of bone resection, adequate soft tissue balancing, and accurate fitting and coronal, sagittal, and rotational alignment of the tka components being key factors for. It consists of a rounded proximal head that articulates with the acetabulum at the hip, a nearly cylindrical shaft, and a distal metaphysis that forms two large rounded condyles that articulate with the tibia.
The femur is one of the strongest bones in the body. This landmark forms the knoblike distolateral end of the femur. Lateral and medial condyles the lateral and medial condyles are going to articulate form a joint with the patella and tibia bone of the leg, creating the. The medial femoral condyles are the bony protrusions on the inside edge of the bottom of the femur bone in each thigh. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral outer condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the centre of mass being medial to the knee. The main shaft of the femur is known as the body of the femur. Hi deak i sustained a lateral femoral condyle fracture 1. One region, called the femoral condyle, is a common location of femur fractures. In this study, plain radiographs alone did not identify 31% of. This books builds on the seminal work presented at the international bone research symposium in strasbourg, france, in november 2007. In between the medial and lateral femoral condyles is the intercondylar fossa. The femur is also called the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone of the body. Medial condyle of femur definition of medial condyle of.
The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur, the other being the lateral condyle the medial condyle is larger than the lateral outer condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the centre of mass being medial to the knee. The body of femur shaft of femur, almost cylindrical in form, is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. What does the medial condyle of the femur articulate with. On the lateral view the shaft is aligned with the anterior half of the lateral condyle. Illustration shows two views anterior and posterior of a left human femur from latin, femur thigh, the long bone of the upper leg. The injury happened back in june but it wasnt diagnosed until august because xray didnt pick it up and i continued to play with pain until i decided. A case report pierre lafforgue and pierreclaude acquaviva an 88yearold woman complained of pain in the medial part of her knee for 5 weeks. The femoral condyles form the trochlear groove that provides the articulating surface of the femur. When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique position the lower surfaces of the two condyles lie practically in the same horizontal plane. The femur is divided into many different parts with the potential for a fracture in each. Medial femoral condyle musculoskeletal, skeletal anatomyzone.
This structure helps to protect the knee and the femur from damage due to traumatic injury, such as in a pedestrian accident. The upper and bears a rounded head, whereas the lower end is widely expanded to from two large condyles. In the treatment of these injuries, it is important to keep in mind that pediatric femoral fractures differ from adult femoral fractures in several key respects, and these differences affect management. Large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles. The larger lateral femoral condyle provides a bony buttress that. Sesamoid bone of the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint. It has rounded edges on either side of the knee joint, known as the condyles.
The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Avulsion of the femoral attachment of the medial collateral. Its lateral projection is flat, less prominent than its medial counterpart, yet still easily palpable. The distal femur is the most common site of occurrence. Chapter 53 fractures of the distal femur china quad diaries. The femoral condyle is a thickened area of the femur just above the knee. Diagnosis and treatment a femoral bone contusion can mimic other injuries such as fractures, knee sprains, meniscus tears and muscletendon ruptures. This rare injury corresponds to the orthopaedic trauma association type 33b3 fracture frontal, partial articular fracture of the distal femur. The lateral part consists of a lateral femoral condyle, lateral tibial plateau. The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints. Fracture of the lateral femoral condyle journal of. It is composed of an upper end, a lower end and a shaft.
The lower extremity of the femur is flattened and recurved posteriorly to form two condyles, between them being the deep intercondylic notch. Intramedullary nailing intramedullary nailing imn is the goldstandard in treating patients with femoral shaft fractures figs 1 and 2. Because of this, these fractures are prone to be missed. Featuring many preeminent experts in the field, this comprehensive text provides an excellent overview of the principles and accepted strategies for treatment of condylar fractures, including closed and surgical treatments of condylar neck fractures as well as. The femur or thigh bone is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body is the part of each lower limb. When someone fractures their knee or their femur, it is unusual to have an isolated medial condyle femur fracture. The lateral condyle of the femur is located in the lower end of the femur on the lateral or outer side of the femur.
Arthroscopic anatomy of the knee joint and portals intechopen. It is slightly arched, so as to be convex in front, and concave behind, where it is strengthened by a prominent longitudinal ridge, the linea aspera. Epidemiology while they are rare in absolute numbers, they can account for approximately 40% of int. Aug 14, 2010 ipsilateral fractures of the diaphysis and both ends of femur are extremely rare injuries, with the diaphyseal trauma dominating the clinical picture.
Epicondylus medialis femur, epicondylus medialis femoris description. These areas articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur to. The approximately hemispherical projection at the top of the bone is the head of femur which articulates forms a joint the hip joint a ball and socket joint. What is the treatment for bone infarction medial femur. Medial and lateral condyle join the femur to the tibia, forming the knee joint. The precise location of the femoral attachment of the mpfl has been recently delineated in cadaveric dissections by laprade et al. This is the attachment site of the tibial collateral ligament. The femur is attached to the hip via a ball and socket joint, providing movement and a source to articulate the pelvis. Dec 17, 2019 the femur is the longest bone of the human body. Apr 02, 2015 the femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice download now.
Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation. The medial femoral condyle is the projection of the end of the femur bone on the inside of the leg in the knee joint. This serves as the attachment of the fibular collateral ligament. A femoral condyle fracture is a potentially serious bone. Condyles are familiar as the pair of rounded bony prominences found at the end of a long bone in the. The femur conducts body weight from the hip bone to the tibia in. The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bones distal end located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or tendinous insertion, of the adductor magnus. The anterior drawer test and the slocum drawer test are both used in assessing the integrity of the mcl. The ball joint is attached by a narrow neck laterally to the vertical femur shaft.